ASQ Six Sigma Green Belt – Objectives – Hyperledger

1. Hyperledger Project

Welcome to the second phase of DMAC process which is measure what we did in Defined, which was the previous phase, we defined the project. In defining the project, we looked at various things. Things such as benchmarking, which helped us in knowing what others best in class companies are doing. And we also talked about project management basics because this is a project which you want to manage. So we defined the starting and ending dates for each of these phases as a project management and probably you might have drawn a Gantt chart for that. In addition to that, we even talked about risk analysis. When you do project, we talked about CPM and Pert, which you normally do when you have a complex project.

And we talked about the measurements of performance for a process and one of those was DPMO or defects per million opportunities. We even talked about team work. So there were a lot of things which we talked then defined pale. So by now you would have a very clear idea about the project you want to do. You would have created a charter which is a formal contract which has been approved by management. So with this now you are good to go and do the project.

The next important thing which you want to do is measure the current performance and even before measuring, understand the process what you have currently. So in measure phase we will be broadly talking about two main things understanding the process, what we have and taking measurements. In understanding the process we will be talking about creating a flow chart to understand how this process works and looking at the current documentation which you have. In measuring, we will be talking about data collection because you need to understand where your process is at this stage.

So you need to collect some data, you need to take some samples, you need to understand or make sense from that data. In doing that, another important thing will be MSA or measurement system analysis where you will try to find out whether your measuring instrument or your measurements are right or wrong. Is there any problem with the measuring system that we will be talking in MSA, which is part of this phase? And in this phase we will understand whether our processes is really capable or not to do what we are expecting this process to do. So there are a lot of things to learn in this.

2. Hyperledger Fabric

Now the process mapping is a diagram which tells that how process works, how things flow, and that’s the reason this is called a flowchart as well. Now let’s look at some of the key elements of a process map or a flow chart. You have a number of symbols to represent different things, but these five symbols are the most important and the most used components. The first, this one on the top is the start or end. So whenever you start or end a process, you show that by this symbol, which is start and end. Then you have a process symbol which is a rectangle. Then the direction of flow is shown by this arrow. And then the decision is shown by the diamond shape. And then if you have number of flow charts or number of process maps on different pages, then you need connectors.

And those connectors are shown in the form of these circles, which are also called as link. So these are the five key elements of any process chart. Now, in the measurement phase, one of the things which you might want to do is understand the process, because this is the process you want to improve. So what you will do is you will go at the place of work where things are happening, talk to people and try to roughly draw a process map. Let’s hypothetically think that, okay, I go to a machine operator and I started making a process map for this particular operation, what this operator is doing. So I go and talk to this operator and then operator says okay, so here we start. Okay, when he says here we start. I will put a start symbol here. Okay, this process starts here and I will put a start here. And then he said, okay, I picked this item and the first thing I do is I drill a hole.

Okay, so drilling a hole is a process. So I make this as a drill hole. This is how I will be creating a process flow chart. After drilling hole, the operator will say that okay, then I take a measurement, okay? And then if the measurement is okay, then I do the next step. If measurement is not okay, then I do the rework or the red drill that. So here we have a decision. So I draw this diamond shape and here I say that inspect. If the size is okay, then I go to the next step. And if the size of hole is not okay, then it goes back for red drilling. So let’s put it here so not okay.

And then if everything okay, the drilling is okay, then it goes to the next step. The next step, let’s say is the welding. So I put a next box which says the welding. And here the process ends. And I put an end box here. So this is how I will draw a process map. When I try to understand what the process is being done. So, these were five basic symbols used in the process map and then let’s look at a few more on the next slide which are here. So here I have five more symbols which are used but not very common.

The first one on the right is for the delay or wait. The second one is where you get input or where you produce output. The third one is for documentation if you are documenting something, manual operation is shown by this fourth symbol and preparation is shown by this last symbol. So these are few more symbols which could be used in process map. But most of your things could be done by using first four symbols which are here. So this was elements of process mapping.

So here I have an example of a process map which starts and then it goes through receiving the salespeople receive order and then salespeople will give it to Design group and Design Group will send it to the fabrication shop. Fabrication will be done and this will be inspected. If it passes, goes further for packing, it fails, then goes back to the fabrication, then it is packed, dispatched. So this is one process. Now, what I want to show here is that each of these elements are done by different people. Let’s say receiving order is done by sales department, design is done by the design group, fabrication, packing, dispatching is done by another department. So different people are responsible for different activities in this particular flow chart. So, what I have done here is I have put different colors.

So let’s say the green color is for the sales, one yellow color is for the design and blue color is for fabrication, packing and dispatching. So that’s a different department, you don’t show these colors and why I’m showing these colors here is for a purpose which you will see on the next slide which is here. Here what I’ve done is I have separated those different functions into different swim lanes. So the first swim lane is for the sales which receives the order.

The second swim lane is for design which designs the product and the third swim lane is for the fabrication where all the fabrication, packing and dispatching is done. So this is another variation of process map which is also called as swim lane flow charts. So these were flow charts to show how things are being done. This will help you in understanding the process. Well, before I conclude this topic of process mapping, let’s recall that earlier also we talked about Cyproc sypoc was supplier input, process output customer.

The Cyproc was a tool which we used at a very early stage in defining phase to understand the process. Here we made a very small high level process flowchart and we looked at inputs, outputs and who are the suppliers and who are the customers. So this is again something related to the flow charts which we are talking here.

3. Hyperledger Fabric Whiteboard Discussion

This will help us in understanding the current state of the process. So when it comes to documentation, you have different layers of documentation. In organization, this will depend on organization to organization. But typically this is the type of pyramid which you have in many organization. At the top you have quality manual and then you have procedures. Then you have a work instructions which give detail and then you have forms which you fill in.

Two important things here are procedures and work instructions in regards to understanding the process which you are studying. So you might have procedures which will tell that what is done, when, where and why these things are done. The procedures will basically cover the interdiscipline or interdepartmental actions activities as well. When it comes to work instructions, work instructions are basically details. These tell how step by step things are done.

So as a part of measurement, you might want to look at the work instructions and procedures related to the process which you are studying. That will help you in understanding how this process was supposed to be done. And by making a flow chart, you understood how this process was actually done. Once you have done that, then you go to the measurements you take measurement, you find what’s the length of the piece, how much is the waiting time in the clinic, how much is the rate of infection in the hospital.

Whatever project you are doing, then you start taking measurements of the current state of the process. Before we talk about measurement, we will talk about some theoretical aspects. Theoretical aspects such as probability. We will understand probability, we will understand the central limit theorem and why we are doing that. We are doing it because whatever measurements you take, you will be taking samples of that measurement. You will not be taking all the measurements.