ASQ Six Sigma Green Belt – Blockchain 101 Part 2

23. Objective – What is a smart contract and dApps?

The second management and planning tool which we want to discuss here is Interrelationship diagrams. This particular tool helps us in connecting ideas. It shows the relationship between the cause and effect between different aspects of complex situation.

Now let’s go back to cause and effect diagram or the fishbone diagram which is one of the seven basic qualities quality tools. So here I have a cause and effect diagram or the fishbone diagram for poor quality, which tells that why there is a poor quality. Now poor quality could be because of machine, because of method, because of management, because of people and this is what we do in fishbone diagram we have cause and we have effect. All these arrows are causes and the head of the fish is the effect.

So effect here is the poor quality in this cause and effect diagram. This is the effect. And all other things are causes sub. Causes subcauses. So machine is a cause. Maintenance is a subcause rear and deer is, let’s say, subcause. So this is how you prepare a fishbone diagram or a cause and effect diagram. What it shows is one thing, which is the final effect and number of causes which lead to that particular effect. We have number of these items which are leading to poor quality what we don’t have here is what is the cause and effect relationship between these items? Let’s take for example lack of supervision lack of supervision is related to management and this causes poor quality. But now there is an other relationship also as well.

Let’s say lack of supervision will cause wear and tear. So there is a cause and effective relationship. Here as well. So this is the cause. Lack of supervision is the cause and wear and tear is the effect. This is what Interrelationship diagram helps us in understanding the cause and effective relationship between all these other items. Which we don’t see in the fishbone diagram. So now what we do in interrelationship diagrams is we put all those arrows which show the cause and effect relationship between different aspects. And once we have done that, what we look at is what is the item from which most of the arrows are going out. So arrows are going out from cause so whatever item there are lot of arrows going out that could be considered as the root. Cause or the key cause for that particular effect or the problem and where most of the arrows are coming in, that will be the key effect.

So this is what Interrelationship Diagrams shows. So let’s go back to the fishbone diagram, which we created earlier. So here is the fishbone diagram. Here I have put some of these cause and effect relationships. So we talked about leadership. Leadership leading to wear and tear. So if there’s no proper leadership this will lead to lack of supervision, which will lead to wear and tear. Lack of leadership will lead to contracting procedures and so on.

So now you can see that there is a relationship within these items as well, not just the last item being the effect and everything else being the cause which we do in cause and effect diagram. Now, how do we represent or how do we show this interrelationship diagrams? So here is how we do that. We’ll list down all these key items here lack of management support, conflicting procedures, no procedure, wear and tear and then we try to understand the cause and effect relationship between these. For example, if we look here, lack of management support leading to no procedure leading to lack of motivation, lack of management support leading to, let’s say, no calibration, no maintenance.

And then if we look at this lack of planning lack of planning leading to wear and tear, no maintenance leading to wear and tear and lack of training leading to wears and tears and no procedures leading to poor quality and so on. You will see that this is a complex diagram where you do brainstorming and put all these cause and effects here in the form of arrows. Now, once you have done that, the next thing which you do is you see that what are the items from which most of the arrows are going out? Anything from which most of the arrows are going outward will be the cause or the driver.

So in this case, if you see most of the arrows are going out from lack of management support. So this is the cause, this is the key cause or this is the driver for this particular issue. On the other hand, where most of the arrows are coming in will be the key outcome or the key result. So here if you see most of the arrows are coming in poor quality, so poor quality is the key outcome.

24. Objective – History of Blockchain

Helps us in breaking things into final details so if you have a goal, if you have a big item or a big issue, tree diagram will help you in breaking that into the final level of details. Whatever you have done in cause and effect diagram or affinity diagram, you can use that for creating tree diagram. So with this basic introduction, let’s look look at one of the example of tree diagram so here is the tree diagram for passing ASQ exam so if you are looking for passing as Q exam what all you need?

So you break down into categories subcategories or sub sub categories and that’s where this tree diagram will help you let’s say motivation is the first item for passing ASQ exam then you need books then you need some videos and other supporting material. Then you need some quizzes to do some practice and then motivation. Also, you can break it down into organizational support. Let’s say if your organization is helping you in getting this certification, if there’s any financial support, to do the training and to pay the fee for the exam.

In case of books, we have a number of options. So we have ASQ exam preparation, binder or primer or we can buy a handbook in case of videos. You can look at YouTube and randomly try to find videos which you are looking for. Or you might want to go for a course such as this one on Udemy, where you have all this information. Which is systematically thought to you. So this basically breaks down one big thing into smaller items. So this is one example.

Another simple example could be breaking down something which is physical in nature. Let’s say, for example, car. So you have car as the first item and then you break it down into the body, the engine and let’s say the braking system and so on. And then in engine also you can break it down to cylinders. Pistons and so on. So even a physical product you can break down into number of sub sub groups to have a better idea about the product or about the processes.

25. Objective – The programming languages of the most common blockchains

Using this tool, you can compare choices or you can choose project. In case of DMAC approach, that what project you want to go ahead with. There also you can use prioritization matrices. Let’s look at these two examples. So, here is the first example. Here I am trying to choose one out of these five products. So I have five products. These five products are, let’s say five different types of cars which I am looking at. So product one is car number one, product two is car number two and so on. And now what I do is I list down what I’m looking for and these parameters I’ve listed down here, which are efficiency, pickup, look and comfort. So these four things I’m looking into, and then I have even assigned the priority for that. So, priority for efficiency, let’s say is 0. 3 or 30%.

The pickup is zero one or let’s say 10%. Look is zero four. Look is very important to me and comfort is zero two. So together they should be 1. 0 or 100%. So once I have set up what I need and what is the importance of that, then I can look at all these five products and see where they fall into the scale of one to five. Let’s say if I look at product number one, efficiency is two, which is on the lower side, pickup is also on the lower side, look is also on the lower side and comfort is two, which is on the lower side.

On the other hand, if I look at product number three, which is five, in case of efficiency, that means on the scale of one to five, five is the highest. That means this is a highly efficient engine or highly efficient car. So this is good. Pickup is also very good, not five, but four is also good. Look is good and comfort is also good. So this is how I put all these five products and rate them on the scale of one to five. Now, what I do next is multiply importance by this particular value. So let’s say in case of first column zero three, multiply by two will give me 0. 6.

In case of pickup zero one, multiply by one will give me 0. 1. In case of look, zero four multiplied by one will give me 0. 4. And in case of comfort, zero two multiply by two will give me 0. 4. And if I add this, this comes out to be 1. 5 as the total. And same thing I do for other four products as well, or other four cars as well. And based on that, I can make a choice. And once I look at this, this particular thing, which is product three or the card number three stands out very clearly as the first choice. So this is how you use prioritization matrices. Same matrix I have used for project selection also. So let’s look at that. So here is the same matrix which I created for selecting project.

So let’s say once we did brainstorming, we came out with five projects, five, six sigma projects, which we can do. And then we set up the rule here. So these are the criteria for selecting the project. The project should be easy to do. It should have project sponsorship. It should make profit, make sure that the team is available to do the project. And then these are the importance which have been assigned to these four criteria. And once you look at these five projects, then you rate these five projects on the scale of one to five, and you do the same calculation which we did earlier.

Looking at this, you come out with this one. That okay, let’s do project number three, because that seems to be the best choice. And by the way, the numbers which I’ve used here on this table are exactly the same which I used in case of the car. So that’s the reason I’m not doing any calculation. But just looking at this prioritization matrix, you can prioritize what project you want to go ahead with based on the criteria and based on the importance. So this was prioritization matrices, which was the tool number four in management and planning tools.