ROUTING AND SWITCHING ESSENTIALS

6. Lab : Static Routing Configuration

In this practical lab, we will take a look at the static routing configuration. Together, we have four steps to configure for these lab guys. In the first step, the lab is saying to configure the zero-zero interface of all routers with the proper IP address compatible with their names. So we need to find a compatible IP address for the gig interface, and that should be compatible with the names of the routers too. Also in the second step, the lab says to configure gigabit one and two interfaces on all routers as shown in the figure. And in the third step, we are going to configure static routing and provide full connectivity between all networking devices as shown in the figure. And in the first step, we need to run show IP protocols and show IP routecommands, and we need to check the output. Okay, let's go. Let's talk something about topology too. We have three PCs: one, three, and four. We have four switchboards, 1234, and we have four routers, one, two, three, and four. As you can see, we have 1040, 111, network four here, network four here, network four here, 32 network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here, network four here And we have different networks between the routers two.We also have 1040, 112, and network four here. Between router one and two, we have 13, we have 24, and we have 34 between router three and router four. As you can see, in the picture, we have the IP addresses for the switch and the subnet masks also. So what does that mean? I think that we can derive something, I think.Could we define the network IDs for this site using this information? I think yes. 1040, 111, 530, 24, implies that we have a network ID of 110 four here, correct? Also 220, 440, and 230 for the portion of this network. So what does this mean? If I have a network ID of 00:24, that means I can use this IP range for this network, 2254. right? However, due to questions asking that all routers, all routers' digital interfaces should have an IP address that is comparable to their names. I need to put the 33 here because this is more like three. I'm just changing the last octet, as you can see that I needed to use two and two and 44, 44, 44 here. And please pay attention that these IP addresses that I have given to the GigaZero ports should be configured as the default gateway on our PCs. The gateway of this PC should be this IP address, right? Let's go ahead and configure the KickZero interfaces as shown in the figure. I'm going to configure eleven, one for one. I'm going to configure 33, three for rather than 344, four for rather than four, and 22 for two. And let's go. Packet tracer time! Here is my topology that I've drawn in backup tracer and I'm going to configure the gigabit interfaces of the routers. Let's go. I'm a round one, and I'm in the enable mode. From now on, beginning just now, I'm not going to explain how I go into the enable mode,why I join the config mode because I already talked about a lot of times what these commands are doing. You can check the previous labs and learn about them also. But from here, beginning from here, I'm not going to tell you that. Hey guys, the enable command makes us move from user mode to privileged exec mode, alright? Because you know it anymore.Okay, let's get into the config mode and let's say that the interface gig and I'm going to give the IPaddress of 1040, 111, one, four, rather one. But what I've forgotten here is that iOS warns me that that's an incomplete comment. iOS is right because I didn't give the subnet mask. So I'm giving my subnet mask toany four, which means 255-255-2550, enter and please don't forget to say no shot. Rather than CLI, I'm going to configure enable config interface gig, IPaddress 1041, 22, 255-255-2550, and no shut. Pretty cool. It's time to take a look at the rather three: twoCLI enab no enab enable enable county interface zero IP addresses, 1041, 32, and 33; 255-255-2550 and no shot. I'm in the last place and have no shot. Okay, that's pretty cool. And I configured all my gig interfaces on all my routers with the proper IP addresses and they are compatible with their names. That's great. The first action was taken, and now let's get into the second step. In the second step, we need to configure gigabit one and two interfaces of routers as shown in the figure. But what we see in the figure here is just the network IDs. For example, the network ID of this location is 1040, 112, 00:24, but something is writing on the interfaces with that format. One means that the last docket will be one, while two means that this interface will be 1040, 112, two, or four. Okay, so now it's time to configure these interfaces on all routers as shown in the figure. Please keep in mind that the last dock will be one for rather one, two for rather two, three, four for rather four packet racer time. And let's get it into the GigaOne interface first. Okay, it's time to take a look at the phone's first interface gig one.I need to configure an IP address of IPaddress 1040, 113, and one with no shot. Let's go to the interface, and my IP address here will be two F, dot one. Okay, as you can see, gig two is twelvedot one and gig one is thirteen dot y. Pretty cool, pretty straightforward. There's no problem. We can easily implement the IP address shown in the figure, right? So let's take a look at the router two.Now in router two, I'm going to configure twelvetwofour, gig zero two, and 24 two four.One gig, zero gig. Let's go no further. Then I'll go to the gig one.This time, Gig One's IP address will be 24 dot two, and there will be no shutdown. I'm seeing a problem, but I'm not going to tell you that. Now let's go to the router three. Now I'm on router three and let's go to the interface giga, which is going to be an IP address and no shut. And let's go to the interface Gig Two, which will have an IP address of 34 three and with the subnet. And the last step is that we are going to take a look at the router four interface. Kick one will have an IP address of 244, no shut, and no interface, while Kick two will have an IP address but no shut. As I told you, I'm seeing a problem in the figure. Please pay attention to that everywhere is green. That means there's no physical problem between those devices. But I have red tops between one and two, which means there's a physical problem between these two routers. So to fix it, I need to check the configuration of Gig Two for both routers. Let's go to gig two. Please remember that to verify the interface configuration I'm using the IP interface brief command, and as you can see, for gig two I have a problem. The problem is that the status of this port is still administered, which shows me that I forgot to type no shuttle and no shut. And as you can see, the line protocol on the interface peak zero to change state, which means the physical problem is not with us anymore and everywhere is green. And that means we have completed the second step also. All right, pretty cool. I know that that's not an easy lab for you, but you'll learn lots of things when you accomplish it when you learn the details of this lab. All right, let's go with the third step. The third step tells us to configure static routing on all routers to provide full connectivity between all PCs in the network. That's the most important part of the lab. And first we need to understand what's going on. Okay? To configure a static route For example, let's say that I'm going to configure a static route for a router tree. For the router tree But which networks should I teach to rather than three where I'm going to send the packet? I have two questions. For one,which network should I teach for the other and where should I send the packet? First, I need to define this. Then I'm going to write the static routing commands to the routers. As you'll remember from our first sections, what I told you is that routers already know the networks to which they are directly connected. For example, the router tree is directly connected to here, here, and here. So I don't need to say "much treated Hey, if you have a packet with the destination 330 network, send it somewhere because the router already knows; the router says I have 32, 33 dot zero network on my gig interface. Let's take a look at the router four. Router four is directly connected to here, here, and here. So I don't need to say that, for example, if you have a packet whose destination is 240 network, you need to send a packet to some interface because Rod Rule Four already knows that I have 24 networks connected to my gig one interface. I don't need to learn it. Okay? So I need to use static routing for routertree to teach the networks that the router is not directly connected to these networks, and the router doesn't know how to get these networks. So I'm going to teach these networks to use the static IP configuration, right? Let's say that what we have Let's take a look at what we have for the next one. Also, for the other one, I need to use a static IP configuration for this network. This is going to be another one, and I'm going to use 333-4442 four and 22, right? I hope there are no issues with these steps and that you can easily get this because it's a very important part of static networking and it's time to look at the router two where two are not directly connected are 1113, 33, 34, and 44. Okay, I completed this one too and it's time to take a look at our last router, which is router four, and for router four I need to use static IP routing statements for this, this, this, this, and this. Okay, there's no problem, and now I define which networks I'm going to use static routing statements. For example, for the other one, I'm going to get into the other one and say to this guy, "Hey man, hey rudder one,if you have a packet which has a destination network ID of 1041 330, send the packet to here." Okay, I'm going to say everything for these networks too. Hey Rodharwan, if you have something that you don't know, send an packet to this guy. I'm going to get into something rather true, and I will say that hey man,if you have packets which have a destination on these networks,send the packet to here here. I'm in here. I'm going to say rather to send the packets here and I'm going to say rather to send the packets here. So what I'm doing is I'm covering the network, as you see, with a circle. For example, if PC one wants to communicate with PC two, packets will count to rather one. Rather one will check the destination address and we'll see that it's 220 and we'll send the packet to here. Router two will get this packet, and router two is directly connected here, as you know. And we'll forward the packet to PC Two directly. But if PC One wants to communicate with PC Four, router Two will also get the packet and send it to router Four. And because rodr four is directly connected here, that's going to send the packet to the PC four. That's the logic behind this. Please note that I will do this one too. I could go to the first one and say that, hey man,if somebody wants to go to 330, send the packet directly here. That would also work. But for simplicity, I'm just defining one way as acircle and I'm sending the packets on that way. You can also give it a try through sending for different points too. There's no problem with it. All right, now it's time to go back to the packet tracer again. And I will make the configurations that I talked about. Oh my God. My ceiling is broken, and it's locked right now. Okay, and let's go. Enable config. My static rodconfig is like this. As you're going to remember from our previous slides, this is an IP route. IP route question mark According to iOS, the right to destination prefix Okay, For the other one, my destination prefixes are those that are the destination network subnet mask. And I'm going to write the forwarding router address where I'm going to send the packet. Okay? Oh no, it's not okay. Sorry. I'm configuring the router one.So I don't need to teach this guy to eleven because it's directly connected. So I need to start with this, maybe 44, 24, and 22. Here is my whole configuration for the static route. Let's take a look at this portion. The IP route 1041, 220 mascot, is the destination network. Send the packet to twelve two, which is router two. All right, let's go to the router two. Now, in router two, I'm going to define 1113, 33, 34, and 44 as you remember, because the other networks are directly connected and I don't need to teach them to better IP route. I'm going to send the packets for mother to this one, which is the IP address of the router for And I'm going to configure this for 1113, 33, 34, and 44. Okay, cool. Hey guys, please warn me if I do something wrong, okay? Enable config IP routes. Come on, man. What's going on with you? This IP route will be rather lengthy this time. Awesome. At least it looks awesome. I hope so. It's awesome. We are going to check if there's something wrong or not in the last step. Turn on the IP route. Send the packets to the three interfaces. All right, I'm going to also teach this guy, sorry, this network. Also, this network All right, it seems like everything is okay right now, but I should verify it. If all my configurations are okay, I should pass these tests. For example, I should pink PC two from PC one, or I should pink PC four from PC three. But I'm going to use Pink from PC One to PC Four. For example, PC One's IP address is eleven five, and PC Four's IP is 44 dot five. Let's go. Please work. All right guys, no problem. If we have some problem with the configuration, we're going to quickly troubleshoot it, and I'm going to show you how we troubleshoot step by step. And we are going to give a quick solution to the problem too also.But it's better that I prefer that it works. I need to show you this one too. I'm getting into the PC and I need the opencommand prompt to use the pink command on a PC. And here is my command: pink 1041, 44 five, and enter. Please work. Please work. Please work. Please work. Please work. Please work. Please work. It's not working. No. Here is the bad news. It's not working. Okay, that's really cool for me. You will learn something more. That means it's not working anymore. We don't need to troubleshoot because it started working. I don't know why picket racers sometimes do weird things like this, but our ping is working right now, so we don't need to troubleshoot. But I'm going to try to ping from thisguy to here too and check what's going on. Let's go to the command prompt and let me check the IP address. Let's check it. It's working. It's working. Guys, We don't need to worry about our configuration right now because I can pink the PCs from each other. That means I'm verifying my configuration. Pretty cool, pretty straightforward. There's no problem. Seriously, on my network now, everyone can reach everywhere, it seems like. I don't know if there are little problems with other devices, but I don't think so. But what if we have a problem and how can we troubleshoot it? Let's take a look over at this.The first thing I need to check is PC One's default gateway. Let's take a look at the default gateway. The default gateway is 1040 111, which is the IP address of the gig interface of my router. And first I can take a look at if I have a connection to my default gateway or not. Attempting to contact the default gateway As you can see, there's no problem. I can ping my default gateway if I can't ping my default gateway. If I wouldn't be able to pin my default gateway,I would check the gig interfaces and IP configuration first. Okay, The second thing I can check to see if a packet has arrived here is whether my gateway pink has been successful. And if I hadn't already pinked the PC for in here. What I should check is the IP address configuration of the interfaces and the static IP configurations. also by using the Show IP route static commands. Or I could also check this by using Show run comment two. As you can see from the output, I have static routes for 22 and 34, which means I have a static route for my destination network that PC Four belongs to. That's great, that's cool. And my configuration is working. And it's time to check the third step two.And in the last step, butlab says to run the Show IP protocols and ShowIP route commands and check the output. Let's use the Show IP protocol on router one. Enter. I cannot see anything. What's going on? What's going on, man? We did something wrong. No, actually we didn't do anything wrong. Everything is right. This is the output that I accepted because I didn't use any dynamic routing protocols. Because if I didn't use a dynamic routing protocol, the IP protocol output is actually nothing because I used static routing. And the second command is "Show IP route." And as you can see, I have directly connected interfaces automatically appearing on my router. And the local interface of the router appears automatically too. Also, these lines are appearing after the configuration of the static route that we made in our previous steps.

7. Inter VLAN Routing

In this section, we are going to talk about the interval route. A VLAN, a virtual local area network, defines a broadcast domain and provides easy management. It also provides isolation, as you know. And the different villains cannot communicate with each other without a layer three device, such as a router firewall or layer three capability switch. By using interval and routing, you can establish communication between different devices with a layer three device. Popular methods of interval routing are routeron a stick and layer three switching. Let's go ahead with the rodoron stick. A Rodron stick is a term frequently used to describe a setup that consists of a router and a switch connected using one ethernet link configured as a one-QT rank link. In this method, the switch is configured with multiple VLANs, and the router performs all routing between the different networks and VLANs. For this purpose, you create subinterfaces configured with one Q so they can interact with different perverts on the router. As you can see on the router A, we have an aphysical interface connected to our switch, which is g zero one. This is the physical interface. But what I'm doing in this method, rather than a stick method, is I'm creating one, two, and three subinterfaces for this example, to provide the communication between these three different wheels. Okay, let's go ahead. How can we configure a router on a stick on the switch site? What I'm going to do is on the relatedinterfaces, I'm assigning my villains to the interfaces. As you can see, for example, interface face onefour will belong to VLAN ten, and the five will belong to VLAN 20, and the other guysix will belong to VLAN 30. Then the fast iterator one will be configured as a trunk port because that's going to carry the villain 1020 and the plus villain 30. I'm going to configure on the router side for router A. I'm going to create some subinterfaces. As you can see, to create an asubinterface, the command is interface gig onedophysical interface, the subinterface name. This is the subinterface. The whole thing is the subinterface gigs of 110, 120, and 130. Okay, I'm terminating the villain ten, the villain twenty, and the villain thirteen here, as you can see. But I could do this theosa zero one, dot possibly 15. But if I use encapsulation dot one again on Q ten,I will be terminating VLAN ten again here. Okay, this number is arbitrary, but for simplicity, we're using the villain number as the subinterval name. The encapsulation of one ki command is what we will concentrate on in order to eliminate the villain. All right, we are getting into the submission interface mode by typing gig 10 here. Then we are typing the encapsulation and encapsulation mode. It will be that one queue and then the villain number. Okay, that means we are terminating the villains at 20 and 30 for each subinterval. Okay, then the last thing we are doing here is assigning an IP address for each subinterface. For example, for the gig for the other guy. Okay, What do I need to configure on the client side? For example, PC one, PC two, and PC three. I need to configure the subinterface IP address as the default gateway for these clients. And for example, if PC One wants to communicate with PC Two, since they have different network IDs,the packet will be forwarded to the default gateway,which is ten, which is this subinterval. Then it will be forwarded to Gig 120, and the packet will come to PC Two. To verify the router is in a sick configuration. First, we can 'pink' host devices from each other. For example, we can connect with PC One from PCTwo, and we can check the show running configuration output, and we can check the step-by-step configuration. Or we can check just the subinterface configuration by typing show run interface and the subinterface name. Or we can check the show interface strength on the switch and we can see if the link is operating as a trunk or not. Let's go ahead with layer three switching now, guys. Traditional network switches operate at layer two of the OSI module, while network routers operate at layer three. As you know, a layer three switch is a specialised hardware device with routing capabilities. For this purpose, we need to configure interfacescalled Svi Switch virtual interface for each VLAN and put an IP address on them. This IP address can be used by computers as their default gateway. Let's take a look at the three switching configurations right now. First, we need to start by typing the IP routing command on our multilayer switch. If you forget this, your switchwon't build a routing table. Then we create SVIS Switch virtual interfaces and define the proper IP addresses for SVIS. and that IP addresses are configured as the default gateway of the clients. For example, here we define an interface called VLAN 20. This is an SVI. Then we define an interface, VLAN 30. This is Sui also, and we're defining interface VLAN 40. This is another sugi. Okay, we are defining the SVIS. Then we will be assigning our IP addresses here. As you can see, each Svi will have a different IP address and these IP addresses will be configured as the default gateways on the client side. Okay, that's the same logic as the rodro mistake. But the difference is that we are creating theSVAG instead of the sub-interfaces.

8. Lab : Inter VLAN Routing Configuration

In our next practise lab, we'll take a look at the interval and routing configuration. We have one switch and three villans created on that switch. And we have five and six connected to PC One three.And we quickly determined one port of the switch is connected to the router's gig interface. So, first, set up switch portVLANs and appropriate port modes. So I understand that VLANs are not created, so they need to be created. I think we'll take a look at trying to paint PC Two from PC One. Then configure routers' gigabit subinterfaces with properties. I think this is wrong, written wrong. This is going to be gig because, in the figure, it's gig and configure rather than stick. And in the first step, try toping PC Two from PC One again. And let's go. First I'm going to make the configuration of this veg. I will create villains 1020 and 30. And I'm going to add fast zero to 100, five to 26 to 30. And these guys will be switching to port mode access. And I'm going to make the front one trunk port. Let's go. Let's make it a little bigger. I think that's better, I think.And let's create my VLANs first. I'm using VLAN to create VLANs. I'm using VLAN to get the VLAN number that I want to create. Command to enter. Okay, exit. And I want to take a look to see if there's a villain configured on the switch. First, As you can see, we just have the default VLAN and VLAN ten right now. That means we need to create 20 and 32 villains, and wheel on 30. It's pretty straightforward and pretty cool. There's no problem here. Now I need to attach my ports to that villain interface faster. There will be an access port again. And we are going to access the villain at 20. Good. And my 6th port will be an access port again. And I'm going to access two Willon 30. Whoa, pretty cool. Now we need to configure the trackport tool. So this is faster than zero one.I'm making this trunk using the theswitch port mode trunk command. All right, I think we accomplished the first step, but I need to double check it. Configure switch port VLANs and ports' proper port modes. All right, I made my zero one as atrunk and I created these villains and attached these ports as access ports to these villains. Okay, Ping PC Two from PC One now. Right. Now here is the bad part. Well, I don't think so because we know how to communicate across different VLANs. We just need a layer three device in this scenario. This is bad, right? And I need to create sub interfaces and use the gateway addresses of these devices for each subinterface. So I'm going to create sorry.I'm going to assign this sub interface the IP address of the gateway of PC One. This subinterval should have an IP address of 51 and this subinterval should have an IP address of 61. And please don't forget that we need to take those subinterfaces because we are going to implement real communication over them. Alright, let's go into the router and CLI. I'm going to go to the sub interface mode, interface gig ten. First, I'm going to use this as the gateway to the villain ten. As a result, my IP address But first, I must consult with villain number ten. Please remember it. Then I'm going to use the iPad of 41.All right, cool. 51 and 61 will be the other subintervals. So I will go to the interface and my IP address will be 50. But we need to force define the encapsulation, as you can see in the warning too. Oh no, I clicked the wrong button. Where is it? No, this is going to be 20, surely. And my IP address will be 60. Okay, and let's go to the last subinterface encapsulation one q 30. And we'll have an IP address of I think I configured the wrong IP address. Okay, this is going to be overlap. What I did is I forgot to type 50 for the 20 V and I'm going to pay it back now. Interface kick, no IP address, and we'll have an IP address of 50. There will be 15 people here. And after that, I will go to the last interface and I'm going to assign my IP address. But first, I don't remember if I used the encapsulation. And I'm assigning my IP address now. Okay, when you are composing, you can make some mistakes, and you need to quickly fix these mistakes, guys. Okay, I completed my configuration. Right now, there should be no problem. So step two is accomplished, and I'm going to try to pink PC Two from PC One again. PC One. I'm going to ping this IP address again. Here is the good news. Here is what I want to see. Seriously, All right, as you can see, we weren't able to ping before configuring our layer three devices. We couldn't establish communication between different VLANs. But after making the related configurations, my ping was successful and I was able to communicate between different devices and between different VLANs. All right, guys, we have accomplished our goals and there's nothing more to do about this scenario right now. And thanks for reading; I'll see you in the next session.

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